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  1. Home
  2. Physics Demonstrations and Equipment
  3. Mechanics
  4. Newton's Second Law

Newton's Second Law Topic

Force, Mass, and Acceleration

Concept 2 demos
Constant-force spring return reel with three white plastic drums mounted on a metal base plate, with a small coil spring visible at bottom and a pencil shown for scale

Constant Force Spring

Demonstrates that constant-force springs provide uniform tension regardless of extension, contrasting with Hooke's Law springs where force is proportional to displacement. Attaching a mass to the cable produces neutral equilibrium …
Tall wooden frame clamped to lecture bench with vise-grip clamps, metal disk pulley at top, meter stick mounted vertically on the frame, and a small metal stool at the base for height compensation

Simple Atwood Machine

Demonstrates Newton's Second Law quantitatively using two masses connected over a pulley. A small mass imbalance produces measurable constant acceleration, allowing students to compare predicted and measured fall times.

Accelerated Reference Frames

Concept 3 demos
Hand holding a white styrofoam cup with water streaming from a hole near the base, above a large clear graduated bucket filled with water; a wooden cafeteria tray sits on the table to the left
Safety

Leaking Cup Drop

A cup with a hole leaks water when held stationary but stops leaking when dropped. In the cup's freely falling reference frame, the effective gravity is zero, eliminating the hydrostatic …
Side-by-side frames showing a hand holding a red plastic slinky suspended against a chalkboard (left) and the moment after release with the top collapsing while the bottom coils remain stationary (right)
Safety

Falling Slinky

When a suspended slinky is released, its bottom remains completely stationary until the collapsing top reaches it. This challenges the assumption that all parts of a falling object accelerate simultaneously …
Inverted 2L Erlenmeyer flask filled with water and containing a red-white fishing float, mounted in an aluminum frame on a wheeled wooden cart, connected by a metal spring to a wooden block clamped to the bench

Accelerometer

An inverted water-filled flask with a fishing float rides on a spring-mounted cart. When accelerated, the heavier water pushes opposite to the acceleration while the buoyant float moves toward the …

Physics Undergraduate Laboratories
Department of Physics
390 UCB
University of Colorado
Boulder, CO 80309

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