Liquid Expansion Concept

Demonstrations in Liquid Expansion

Glass bulb air thermometer mounted vertically on ring stand with two finger clamps, stem extending into a glass of pink-tinted water

Air Thermometer

Demonstrates Charles's Law by showing gas volume changes with temperature at constant pressure. Warming the bulb with your hands expands the trapped air, pushing water down the stem; cooling with …
Maximum density of water apparatus on an overhead projector in a lecture hall, with a cylindrical cooling jacket to the left and two projection thermometer readings visible on the screen above
Safety

Maximum Density of Water

Water reaches maximum density at ~4°C. When cooled from outside, the bottom thermometer reads higher than the top — the densest (4°C) water sinks while colder, less-dense water stays on …
Balance beam on a vertical stand with black base, two large silver cylindrical cans of equal size hanging from each end
Safety

Hot Air Balance

Demonstrates that equal volumes of warm and cold air have different masses. Heating one of two balanced cans causes the warm air inside to expand and partially escape, reducing its …