300 W Lamp with Light Shield

Demonstrates the focusing action of a converging lens. Pinholes in aluminum foil each project a separate image of the lamp filament; placing a large lens in the path brings all …

Students observe that a simple plano-convex lens cannot simultaneously focus red and blue light, demonstrating chromatic aberration from wavelength-dependent refraction. Comparing with an achromatic projection lens shows how doublet designs …

Demonstrates how aperture size controls depth of focus. Students observe that reducing the aperture of a camera allows pinholes to remain in focus over a wider range of image-plane positions, …

Demonstrates the "negative pinhole" effect: small opaque objects cast shadows that transition from object-shaped to source-shaped as the object moves closer to the light. Students learn that rectilinear propagation allows …

Multiple pinholes in aluminum foil each project an independent inverted image of a lamp filament, demonstrating rectilinear propagation. A large converging lens then collects all pinhole images into a single …