Polished Steel Plate

Used in these demonstrations

Green laser passing through Cornell plate mounted on ring stand with finger clamp, producing a horizontal interference pattern on white paper magnetically attached to blackboard
Safety

Cornell Plate Double-Slit Interference

A laser illuminates double slits on a Cornell plate, producing an interference pattern on a distant screen. The Cornell plate has multiple slit configurations (varying separation, width, and number of …
Green laser and Cornell diffraction plate mounted on optical rail, with single-slit diffraction pattern projected on white paper attached magnetically to the blackboard
Safety

Cornell Plate Single-Slit Diffraction

Demonstrates single-slit Fraunhofer diffraction using a Cornell plate with calibrated slits of varying widths. Students observe the inverse relationship between slit width and diffraction pattern width, with quantitative verification possible …
Three small opaque dots on a white disk held in a blue-handled finger clamp on a metal post
Safety

Diffraction around Opaque Disk

Demonstrates Poisson's (Arago's) bright spot: light diffracting around an opaque disk produces a counterintuitive bright spot at the center of the geometric shadow. Provides compelling evidence for the wave nature …
Optical rail with wooden mounts, He-Ne laser with spatial filter at left, optical components along the rail, and metal reflection shield at right end
Safety

Diffraction by a Circular Aperture

Students observe the Airy disk diffraction pattern — a bright central disk surrounded by concentric rings — produced when a laser beam passes through a circular aperture. The inverse relationship …
Green laser diffraction pattern from a wire showing a thin dark central shadow line flanked by bright diffracted light with visible vertical fringes on both sides
Safety

Diffraction from a Wire

A laser beam diffracts around a thin wire, producing a fringe pattern equivalent to single-slit diffraction of the same width (Babinet's principle). Students see that light bends around opaque obstacles …
Green laser diffraction pattern from mesh showing complex multi-directional array of bright spots against dark background
Safety

Diffraction through Mesh

Laser light through circular apertures (0.04 and 0.08 mm) and mesh screens produces Fraunhofer diffraction patterns, demonstrating light's wave nature. Students observe Airy patterns and two-dimensional grating patterns, and verify …
Four green laser single-slit diffraction patterns stacked vertically, from widest slit (top, narrow pattern) to narrowest slit (bottom, wide pattern with many visible side maxima)
Safety

Electroformed Single Slits

Students observe single-slit Fraunhofer diffraction patterns produced by a laser through precision electroformed slits of different widths. Comparing the patterns demonstrates the inverse relationship between slit width and diffraction pattern …
Four horizontal rows of green double-slit interference patterns on a dark background, each showing different fringe spacings and diffraction envelopes corresponding to the four slit configurations
Safety

Electroformed Two-Slit Interference

Laser light through precision double slits produces interference patterns that demonstrate the wave nature of light. Four slit configurations allow direct comparison of how slit width and spacing affect fringe …
Green laser on adjustable stand with Cornell diffraction plate, producing a multiple-slit interference pattern on white paper attached to the blackboard; pattern shows a bright central spot with a few side maxima
Safety

Multiple Slit Diffraction

A Cornell plate provides multiple-slit patterns and gratings of various densities. Students observe how increasing the number of slits sharpens the principal maxima while keeping their angular positions fixed, and …
Anamorphic photo of a Rubik's cube on paper with pencil-drawn shadow lines, appearing as a realistic 3D cube when viewed from the correct angle

Optical Illusions

Three illusions demonstrate how the brain constructs 3D perception from 2D images: an anamorphic Rubik's cube, a hidden photograph revealed by rotation, and a hollow-face dragon that appears convex. Highlights …
Setup showing He-Ne laser (black box, left), scissor lift with metal block and upright plate, black cylindrical analyzing polarizer in foreground, and glass plate on stand at right
Safety

Polarization by Glass Plate, Not by Steel Plate

Demonstrates that reflection from a dielectric (glass) polarizes light at Brewster's angle, while reflection from a metal (polished steel) does not. Students see the dramatic contrast when a crossed analyzer …
Green laser on wooden stand illuminating a holographic plate, projecting a large holographic image of a telephone onto the wall in a darkened room
Safety

Projection Holograms

Demonstrates holographic image projection using laser illumination of transmission holograms. Students see how holograms encode amplitude and phase information, and how illuminating different portions of the plate reconstructs different viewing …
Complete setup with laser and rotating mirror mount on left, water tank on wooden block on right; green beam enters the water from below, reflects and refracts at the water-air surface
Safety

Rotating Mirror beside Water Tank

Students observe total internal reflection at a water-air interface by sweeping a laser beam through a range of incident angles. The reflected beam visibly brightens as the angle approaches critical, …
Three PASCO Scientific transmission diffraction gratings in metal slide mounts, labeled 100 LINES/MM, 300 LINES/MM, and 600 LINES/MM, on a green surface
Safety

Transmission Gratings

Demonstrates how grating line density affects angular separation of diffraction orders. Comparing 100, 300, and 600 lines/mm gratings with a laser, students directly observe that higher line density (smaller) produces …
Green laser diffraction pattern showing a bright central maximum with secondary maxima arranged in a cross pattern along horizontal and vertical axes
Safety

Variable Rectangular Aperture

Two independently adjustable slits (horizontal and vertical) form a variable rectangular aperture. Students observe in real time how narrowing one dimension widens the diffraction pattern in the perpendicular direction, demonstrating …
Diverging lens in circular mount on optical rail, with slide frame and colored ABCD card (A on red, B on green, C on yellow, D on blue) mounted on steel plate behind

Virtual Image

Demonstrates the fundamental difference between real and virtual images using a diverging lens. Students observe that a virtual image appears to occupy a definite location in space but cannot be …

Reserve This Equipment

Demo use only

This equipment supports lecture demonstrations and cannot be reserved directly — it is assigned automatically as part of a demonstration. To use it, request a demo that includes it.