An incandescent light bulb with a looping filament, housed in a wooden box with an attached power cord.

Carbon Filament Lamp in Shielded Box

Item 341
In service Good - Normal Wear

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9B60 - Light Sources
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Used in demonstrations

Wooden 8x10 view camera with black bellows extended, metal lens on front standard, mounted on wooden base with metal rails
Safety

8 x 10-Inch View Camera

A large-format view camera projects an inverted, real image of a carbon filament lamp onto a ground glass screen. Students directly observe image formation by a converging lens and the …
Large concave mirror in a round metal frame on a wooden base, with an adjustable brass lab stand beside it; a projected image of the carbon filament is visible on the blackboard behind
Safety

Concave and Convex Hand Mirrors

Demonstrates real and virtual image formation using concave and convex hand mirrors with a carbon filament lamp. Students observe inverted real images projected by the concave mirror and diminished virtual …
Lecture hall with translucent screen on left showing inverted real image of a glowing lamp filament, large convex lens on tripod in center, and boxed lamp visible in background right
Safety

Convex Lens and Lamp

A large convex lens (f = 220 cm) projects a real, inverted image of a lamp filament onto a screen. Students directly observe real image formation and can verify the …
Full setup: translucent screen at left, multicolor LED tower on stand at center, incandescent light bulb in wooden box at right, with bar clamp, lead brick, and masks on bench

Introducing a Pinhole

A sequential progression from shadow casting through slit projection to pinhole imaging. Students build intuition for rectilinear propagation, image inversion, and the pinhole camera principle by drawing ray diagrams at …
Two small pith balls suspended by fine threads from a bent metal rod, positioned between a lamp (left) and a projection screen showing filament-shaped shadow patterns
Safety

Negative Pinhole

Demonstrates the "negative pinhole" effect: small opaque objects cast shadows that transition from object-shaped to source-shaped as the object moves closer to the light. Students learn that rectilinear propagation allows …